Institutional reform is the pursuit of modifying and improving existing systems through policy changes, increased oversight, and external pressure.

Institutional abolition is the pursuit of completely dismantling systems to replace them with entirely new alternatives.

An out-of-court settlement is an agreement between all parties in a dispute to resolve the case without a court ruling, typically through financial compensation or negotiated terms.

The Experience Machine is a device which allows individuals to live a simulated life that feels completely real, where they can experience any desired outcomes (e.g. success, relationships, happiness). Once plugged in, individuals do not know they are in a simulation and cannot leave. This machine sustains the individual's physical needs while they are plugged in.

Private equity (PE) firms pool money from large investors (e.g. pension funds) to buy companies, improve the companies’ profitability, and sell those companies for a profit. PE firms often use ‘buyouts', i.e. borrowing heavily to finance the purchase, with the debt placed on the acquired company.

An out-of-court settlement is an agreement between all parties in a dispute to resolve the case without a court ruling, typically through financial compensation or negotiated terms.

A decentralised multi-app ecosystem is one where users rely on separate and specialised apps for different services (e.g. WhatsApp for messaging, PayPal for payments, Instagram for social media).

An integrated super-app ecosystem is one where a single platform combines multiple services in one app (e.g. WeChat for messaging, payments and social media; Grab for transport, food delivery and finance).

Formula 1 (F1) is a motorsport where teams compete in a season made up of 24 races ("Grand Prix"). Each team has two drivers, and both drivers earn points based on their rankings, which contribute to 2 separate championships: an individual, and a team championship.

Teams sometimes use team orders, i.e. instructions given to drivers during race. For instance, a driver may be told to let their teammate pass them, avoid overtaking their teammate ("no fighting"), or blocking rivals to secure their teammate's win - even if it hurts their individual finishing position.

Following the Russia-Ukraine War, several governments, including most of the European Union member states and the United States, imposed import bans on Russian crude oil and petroleum products.